-
- """
- # Sage doesn't think matrices are vectors, so we have to convert
- # our matrices to vectors explicitly before we can figure out how
- # many are linearly-indepenedent.
- #
- # The space W has the same base ring as V, but dimension
- # dim(V)^2. So it has the same dimension as the space of linear
- # transformations on V. In other words, it's just the right size
- # to create an isomorphism between it and our matrices.
- V = K.lattice().vector_space()
- W = VectorSpace(V.base_ring(), V.dimension()**2)
-
- tensor_products = [ s.tensor_product(x) for x in K for s in K.dual() ]
-
- # Turn our matrices into long vectors...
- vectors = [ W(m.list()) for m in tensor_products ]
-
- # Create the *dual* cone of the positive operators, expressed as
- # long vectors..
- L = ToricLattice(W.dimension())
- pi_dual = Cone(vectors, lattice=L)
-
- # Now compute the desired cone from its dual...
- pi_cone = pi_dual.dual()
-
- # And finally convert its rays back to matrix representations.
- M = MatrixSpace(V.base_ring(), V.dimension())
-
- return [ M(v.list()) for v in pi_cone.rays() ]
-
-
-def Z_transformations(K):
- r"""
- Compute generators of the cone of Z-transformations on this cone.
-
- OUTPUT:
-
- A list of `n`-by-``n`` matrices where ``n == K.lattice_dim()``.
- Each matrix ``L`` in the list should have the property that
- ``(L*x).inner_product(s) <= 0`` whenever ``(x,s)`` is an element the
- discrete complementarity set of ``K``. Moreover, any nonnegative
- linear combination of these matrices shares the same property.
-
- EXAMPLES:
-
- Z-transformations on the nonnegative orthant are just Z-matrices.
- That is, matrices whose off-diagonal elements are nonnegative::
-
- sage: K = Cone([(1,0),(0,1)])
- sage: Z_transformations(K)
- [
- [ 0 -1] [ 0 0] [-1 0] [1 0] [ 0 0] [0 0]
- [ 0 0], [-1 0], [ 0 0], [0 0], [ 0 -1], [0 1]
- ]
- sage: K = Cone([(1,0,0,0),(0,1,0,0),(0,0,1,0),(0,0,0,1)])
- sage: all([ z[i][j] <= 0 for z in Z_transformations(K)
- ....: for i in range(z.nrows())
- ....: for j in range(z.ncols())
- ....: if i != j ])
- True
-
- The trivial cone in a trivial space has no Z-transformations::
-
- sage: K = Cone([], ToricLattice(0))
- sage: Z_transformations(K)
- []
-
- Z-transformations on a subspace are Lyapunov-like and vice-versa::
-
- sage: K = Cone([(1,0),(-1,0),(0,1),(0,-1)])
- sage: K.is_full_space()
- True
- sage: lls = span([ vector(l.list()) for l in K.lyapunov_like_basis() ])
- sage: zs = span([ vector(z.list()) for z in Z_transformations(K) ])
- sage: zs == lls
- True
-
- TESTS:
-
- The Z-property is possessed by every Z-transformation::
-
- sage: set_random_seed()
- sage: K = random_cone(max_ambient_dim = 6)
- sage: Z_of_K = Z_transformations(K)
- sage: dcs = K.discrete_complementarity_set()
- sage: all([(z*x).inner_product(s) <= 0 for z in Z_of_K
- ....: for (x,s) in dcs])
- True
-
- The lineality space of Z is LL::
-
- sage: set_random_seed()
- sage: K = random_cone(min_ambient_dim = 1, max_ambient_dim = 6)
- sage: lls = span([ vector(l.list()) for l in K.lyapunov_like_basis() ])
- sage: z_cone = Cone([ z.list() for z in Z_transformations(K) ])
- sage: z_cone.linear_subspace() == lls