from sage.matrix.constructor import matrix
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
from sage.modules.free_module import VectorSpace
from sage.modules.with_basis.indexed_element import IndexedFreeModuleElement
from mjo.eja.eja_operator import FiniteDimensionalEJAOperator
-from mjo.eja.eja_utils import _mat2vec
+from mjo.eja.eja_utils import _mat2vec, _scale
class FiniteDimensionalEJAElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
"""
return ((-1)**r)*p(*self.to_vector())
+ @cached_method
def inverse(self):
"""
Return the Jordan-multiplicative inverse of this element.
sage: JordanSpinEJA(3).zero().inverse()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
- ValueError: element is not invertible
+ ZeroDivisionError: element is not invertible
TESTS:
sage: slow == fast # long time
True
"""
- if not self.is_invertible():
- raise ValueError("element is not invertible")
-
+ not_invertible_msg = "element is not invertible"
if self.parent()._charpoly_coefficients.is_in_cache():
# We can invert using our charpoly if it will be fast to
# compute. If the coefficients are cached, our rank had
# better be too!
+ if self.det().is_zero():
+ raise ZeroDivisionError(not_invertible_msg)
r = self.parent().rank()
a = self.characteristic_polynomial().coefficients(sparse=False)
return (-1)**(r+1)*sum(a[i+1]*self**i for i in range(r))/self.det()
- return (~self.quadratic_representation())(self)
+ try:
+ inv = (~self.quadratic_representation())(self)
+ self.is_invertible.set_cache(True)
+ return inv
+ except ZeroDivisionError:
+ self.is_invertible.set_cache(False)
+ raise ZeroDivisionError(not_invertible_msg)
+ @cached_method
def is_invertible(self):
"""
Return whether or not this element is invertible.
ALGORITHM:
- The usual way to do this is to check if the determinant is
- zero, but we need the characteristic polynomial for the
- determinant. The minimal polynomial is a lot easier to get,
- so we use Corollary 2 in Chapter V of Koecher to check
- whether or not the parent algebra's zero element is a root
- of this element's minimal polynomial.
-
- That is... unless the coefficients of our algebra's
- "characteristic polynomial of" function are already cached!
- In that case, we just use the determinant (which will be fast
- as a result).
-
- Beware that we can't use the superclass method, because it
- relies on the algebra being associative.
+ If computing my determinant will be fast, we do so and compare
+ with zero (Proposition II.2.4 in Faraut and
+ Koranyi). Otherwise, Proposition II.3.2 in Faraut and Koranyi
+ reduces the problem to the invertibility of my quadratic
+ representation.
SETUP::
sage: fast = x.is_invertible() # long time
sage: slow == fast # long time
True
-
"""
if self.is_zero():
if self.parent().is_trivial():
return False
if self.parent()._charpoly_coefficients.is_in_cache():
- # The determinant will be quicker than computing the minimal
- # polynomial from scratch, most likely.
+ # The determinant will be quicker than inverting the
+ # quadratic representation, most likely.
return (not self.det().is_zero())
- # In fact, we only need to know if the constant term is non-zero,
- # so we can pass in the field's zero element instead.
- zero = self.base_ring().zero()
- p = self.minimal_polynomial()
- return not (p(zero) == zero)
+ # The easiest way to determine if I'm invertible is to try.
+ try:
+ inv = (~self.quadratic_representation())(self)
+ self.inverse.set_cache(inv)
+ return True
+ except ZeroDivisionError:
+ return False
def is_primitive_idempotent(self):
element should always be in terms of minimal idempotents::
sage: J = JordanSpinEJA(4)
- sage: x = sum( i*J.gens()[i] for i in range(len(J.gens())) )
+ sage: x = sum( i*J.monomial(i) for i in range(len(J.gens())) )
sage: x.is_regular()
True
sage: [ c.is_primitive_idempotent()
M = matrix([(self.parent().one()).to_vector()])
old_rank = 1
- # Specifying the row-reduction algorithm can e.g. help over
+ # Specifying the row-reduction algorithm can e.g. help over
# AA because it avoids the RecursionError that gets thrown
# when we have to look too hard for a root.
#
# in the "normal" case without us having to think about it.
return self.operator().minimal_polynomial()
- A = self.subalgebra_generated_by(orthonormalize_basis=False)
+ A = self.subalgebra_generated_by(orthonormalize=False)
return A(self).operator().minimal_polynomial()
SETUP::
sage: from mjo.eja.eja_algebra import (ComplexHermitianEJA,
- ....: QuaternionHermitianEJA)
+ ....: HadamardEJA,
+ ....: QuaternionHermitianEJA,
+ ....: RealSymmetricEJA)
EXAMPLES::
[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0]
[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1]
+ This also works in Cartesian product algebras::
+
+ sage: J1 = HadamardEJA(1)
+ sage: J2 = RealSymmetricEJA(2)
+ sage: J = cartesian_product([J1,J2])
+ sage: x = sum(J.gens())
+ sage: x.to_matrix()[0]
+ [1]
+ sage: x.to_matrix()[1]
+ [ 1 0.7071067811865475?]
+ [0.7071067811865475? 1]
+
"""
B = self.parent().matrix_basis()
W = self.parent().matrix_space()
- # This is just a manual "from_vector()", but of course
- # matrix spaces aren't vector spaces in sage, so they
- # don't have a from_vector() method.
- return W.linear_combination( zip(B, self.to_vector()) )
+ if self.parent()._matrix_basis_is_cartesian:
+ # Aaaaand linear combinations don't work in Cartesian
+ # product spaces, even though they provide a method
+ # with that name. This is special-cased because the
+ # _scale() function is slow.
+ pairs = zip(B, self.to_vector())
+ return sum( ( _scale(b, alpha) for (b,alpha) in pairs ),
+ W.zero())
+ else:
+ # This is just a manual "from_vector()", but of course
+ # matrix spaces aren't vector spaces in sage, so they
+ # don't have a from_vector() method.
+ return W.linear_combination( zip(B, self.to_vector()) )
+
def norm(self):
[(0, f2), (1, f0)]
"""
- A = self.subalgebra_generated_by(orthonormalize_basis=True)
+ A = self.subalgebra_generated_by(orthonormalize=True)
result = []
for (evalue, proj) in A(self).operator().spectral_decomposition():
result.append( (evalue, proj(A.one()).superalgebra_element()) )
SETUP::
- sage: from mjo.eja.eja_algebra import random_eja
+ sage: from mjo.eja.eja_algebra import (random_eja,
+ ....: HadamardEJA,
+ ....: RealSymmetricEJA)
+
+ EXAMPLES:
+
+ We can create subalgebras of Cartesian product EJAs that are not
+ themselves Cartesian product EJAs (they're just "regular" EJAs)::
+
+ sage: J1 = HadamardEJA(3)
+ sage: J2 = RealSymmetricEJA(2)
+ sage: J = cartesian_product([J1,J2])
+ sage: J.one().subalgebra_generated_by()
+ Euclidean Jordan algebra of dimension 1 over Algebraic Real Field
TESTS:
True
"""
- from mjo.eja.eja_element_subalgebra import FiniteDimensionalEJAElementSubalgebra
- return FiniteDimensionalEJAElementSubalgebra(self, **kwargs)
+ powers = tuple( self**k for k in range(self.degree()) )
+ A = self.parent().subalgebra(powers,
+ associative=True,
+ check_field=False,
+ check_axioms=False,
+ **kwargs)
+ A.one.set_cache(A(self.parent().one()))
+ return A
def subalgebra_idempotent(self):
sage: J.random_element().trace() in RLF
True
+ The trace is linear::
+
+ sage: set_random_seed()
+ sage: J = random_eja()
+ sage: x,y = J.random_elements(2)
+ sage: alpha = J.base_ring().random_element()
+ sage: (alpha*x + y).trace() == alpha*x.trace() + y.trace()
+ True
+
"""
P = self.parent()
r = P.rank()
projects / sage.d.git / blobdiff