subs_dict = { X[i]: BX[i] for i in range(len(X)) }
return tuple( a_i.subs(subs_dict) for a_i in a )
-class ConcreteEJA(RationalBasisEJA):
+class ConcreteEJA(FiniteDimensionalEJA):
r"""
A class for the Euclidean Jordan algebras that we know by name.
def trace_inner_product(X,Y):
r"""
A trace inner-product for matrices that aren't embedded in the
- reals.
+ reals. It takes MATRICES as arguments, not EJA elements.
"""
- # We take the norm (absolute value) because Octonions() isn't
- # smart enough yet to coerce its one() into the base field.
- return (X*Y).trace().real().abs()
+ return (X*Y).trace().real()
class RealEmbeddedMatrixEJA(MatrixEJA):
@staticmethod
# as a REAL matrix will be 2*a = 2*Re(z_1). And so forth.
return (X*Y).trace()/cls.dimension_over_reals()
-class RealSymmetricEJA(ConcreteEJA, MatrixEJA):
+class RealSymmetricEJA(ConcreteEJA, RationalBasisEJA, MatrixEJA):
"""
The rank-n simple EJA consisting of real symmetric n-by-n
matrices, the usual symmetric Jordan product, and the trace inner
return matrix(F, n/d, elements)
-class ComplexHermitianEJA(ConcreteEJA, ComplexMatrixEJA):
+class ComplexHermitianEJA(ConcreteEJA, RationalBasisEJA, ComplexMatrixEJA):
"""
The rank-n simple EJA consisting of complex Hermitian n-by-n
matrices over the real numbers, the usual symmetric Jordan product,
return matrix(Q, n/d, elements)
-class QuaternionHermitianEJA(ConcreteEJA, QuaternionMatrixEJA):
+class QuaternionHermitianEJA(ConcreteEJA,
+ RationalBasisEJA,
+ QuaternionMatrixEJA):
r"""
The rank-n simple EJA consisting of self-adjoint n-by-n quaternion
matrices, the usual symmetric Jordan product, and the
return cls(n, **kwargs)
class OctonionHermitianEJA(FiniteDimensionalEJA, MatrixEJA):
+ r"""
+ SETUP::
+
+ sage: from mjo.eja.eja_algebra import (FiniteDimensionalEJA,
+ ....: OctonionHermitianEJA)
+ EXAMPLES:
+
+ The 3-by-3 algebra satisfies the axioms of an EJA::
+
+ sage: OctonionHermitianEJA(3, # long time
+ ....: field=QQ, # long time
+ ....: orthonormalize=False, # long time
+ ....: check_axioms=True) # long time
+ Euclidean Jordan algebra of dimension 27 over Rational Field
+
+ After a change-of-basis, the 2-by-2 algebra has the same
+ multiplication table as the ten-dimensional Jordan spin algebra::
+
+ sage: b = OctonionHermitianEJA._denormalized_basis(2,QQ)
+ sage: basis = (b[0] + b[9],) + b[1:9] + (b[0] - b[9],)
+ sage: jp = OctonionHermitianEJA.jordan_product
+ sage: ip = OctonionHermitianEJA.trace_inner_product
+ sage: J = FiniteDimensionalEJA(basis,
+ ....: jp,
+ ....: ip,
+ ....: field=QQ,
+ ....: orthonormalize=False)
+ sage: J.multiplication_table()
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | * || b0 | b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 | b5 | b6 | b7 | b8 | b9 |
+ +====++====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+
+ | b0 || b0 | b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 | b5 | b6 | b7 | b8 | b9 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b1 || b1 | b0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b2 || b2 | 0 | b0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b3 || b3 | 0 | 0 | b0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b4 || b4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | b0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b5 || b5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | b0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b6 || b6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | b0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b7 || b7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | b0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b8 || b8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | b0 | 0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+ | b9 || b9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | b0 |
+ +----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+
+ TESTS:
+
+ We can actually construct the 27-dimensional Albert algebra,
+ and we get the right unit element if we recompute it::
+
+ sage: J = OctonionHermitianEJA(3, # long time
+ ....: field=QQ, # long time
+ ....: orthonormalize=False) # long time
+ sage: J.one.clear_cache() # long time
+ sage: J.one() # long time
+ b0 + b9 + b26
+ sage: J.one().to_matrix() # long time
+ +----+----+----+
+ | e0 | 0 | 0 |
+ +----+----+----+
+ | 0 | e0 | 0 |
+ +----+----+----+
+ | 0 | 0 | e0 |
+ +----+----+----+
+
+ The 2-by-2 algebra is isomorphic to the ten-dimensional Jordan
+ spin algebra, but just to be sure, we recompute its rank::
+
+ sage: J = OctonionHermitianEJA(2, # long time
+ ....: field=QQ, # long time
+ ....: orthonormalize=False) # long time
+ sage: J.rank.clear_cache() # long time
+ sage: J.rank() # long time
+ 2
+ """
def __init__(self, n, field=AA, **kwargs):
if n > 3:
# Otherwise we don't get an EJA.
super().__init__(self._denormalized_basis(n,field),
self.jordan_product,
self.trace_inner_product,
+ field=field,
**kwargs)
# TODO: this could be factored out somehow, but is left here
EXAMPLES::
- sage: B = OctonionHermitianEJA._denormalized_basis(3)
+ sage: B = OctonionHermitianEJA._denormalized_basis(3,QQ)
sage: all( M.is_hermitian() for M in B )
True
sage: len(B)
return tuple( basis )
+ @staticmethod
+ def trace_inner_product(X,Y):
+ r"""
+ The octonions don't know that the reals are embedded in them,
+ so we have to take the e0 component ourselves.
-class HadamardEJA(ConcreteEJA):
+ SETUP::
+
+ sage: from mjo.eja.eja_algebra import OctonionHermitianEJA
+
+ TESTS::
+
+ sage: J = OctonionHermitianEJA(2,field=QQ,orthonormalize=False)
+ sage: I = J.one().to_matrix()
+ sage: J.trace_inner_product(I, -I)
+ -2
+
+ """
+ return (X*Y).trace().real().coefficient(0)
+
+class HadamardEJA(ConcreteEJA, RationalBasisEJA):
"""
Return the Euclidean Jordan Algebra corresponding to the set
`R^n` under the Hadamard product.
return cls(n, **kwargs)
-class BilinearFormEJA(ConcreteEJA):
+class BilinearFormEJA(ConcreteEJA, RationalBasisEJA):
r"""
The rank-2 simple EJA consisting of real vectors ``x=(x0, x_bar)``
with the half-trace inner product and jordan product ``x*y =
return cls(n, **kwargs)
-class TrivialEJA(ConcreteEJA):
+class TrivialEJA(ConcreteEJA, RationalBasisEJA):
"""
The trivial Euclidean Jordan algebra consisting of only a zero element.
Return the space that our matrix basis lives in as a Cartesian
product.
+ We don't simply use the ``cartesian_product()`` functor here
+ because it acts differently on SageMath MatrixSpaces and our
+ custom MatrixAlgebras, which are CombinatorialFreeModules. We
+ always want the result to be represented (and indexed) as
+ an ordered tuple.
+
SETUP::
- sage: from mjo.eja.eja_algebra import (HadamardEJA,
+ sage: from mjo.eja.eja_algebra import (ComplexHermitianEJA,
+ ....: HadamardEJA,
+ ....: OctonionHermitianEJA,
....: RealSymmetricEJA)
EXAMPLES::
matrices over Algebraic Real Field, Full MatrixSpace of 2
by 2 dense matrices over Algebraic Real Field)
+ ::
+
+ sage: J1 = ComplexHermitianEJA(1)
+ sage: J2 = ComplexHermitianEJA(1)
+ sage: J = cartesian_product([J1,J2])
+ sage: J.one().to_matrix()[0]
+ [1 0]
+ [0 1]
+ sage: J.one().to_matrix()[1]
+ [1 0]
+ [0 1]
+
+ ::
+
+ sage: J1 = OctonionHermitianEJA(1)
+ sage: J2 = OctonionHermitianEJA(1)
+ sage: J = cartesian_product([J1,J2])
+ sage: J.one().to_matrix()[0]
+ +----+
+ | e0 |
+ +----+
+ sage: J.one().to_matrix()[1]
+ +----+
+ | e0 |
+ +----+
+
"""
- from sage.categories.cartesian_product import cartesian_product
- return cartesian_product( [J.matrix_space()
- for J in self.cartesian_factors()] )
+ scalars = self.cartesian_factor(0).base_ring()
+
+ # This category isn't perfect, but is good enough for what we
+ # need to do.
+ cat = MagmaticAlgebras(scalars).FiniteDimensional().WithBasis()
+ cat = cat.Unital().CartesianProducts()
+ factors = tuple( J.matrix_space() for J in self.cartesian_factors() )
+
+ from sage.sets.cartesian_product import CartesianProduct
+ return CartesianProduct(factors, cat)
+
@cached_method
def cartesian_projection(self, i):
projects / sage.d.git / blobdiff