eja: add a WIP gram-schmidt for EJA elements.

[sage.d.git] / mjo / eja / eja_element.py

diff --git a/mjo/eja/eja_element.py b/mjo/eja/eja_element.py
index 90c236af8ef4dd46784007cb4927d00ba6b4e33e..c2f9fe652851fa4dc2ce519856160efc221debcc 100644 (file)
--- a/mjo/eja/eja_element.py
+++ b/mjo/eja/eja_element.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from itertools import izip
+
 from sage.matrix.constructor import matrix
 from sage.modules.free_module import VectorSpace
 from sage.modules.with_basis.indexed_element import IndexedFreeModuleElement
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         elif n == 1:
             return self
         else:
-            return (self.operator()**(n-1))(self)
+            return (self**(n-1))*self
 
 
     def apply_univariate_polynomial(self, p):
@@ -243,9 +245,8 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
             sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
-            sage: x.inner_product(y) in RR
+            sage: x,y = J.random_elements(2)
+            sage: x.inner_product(y) in RLF
             True
 
         """
@@ -280,9 +281,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         Test Lemma 1 from Chapter III of Koecher::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: u = J.random_element()
-            sage: v = J.random_element()
+            sage: u,v = random_eja().random_elements(2)
             sage: lhs = u.operator_commutes_with(u*v)
             sage: rhs = v.operator_commutes_with(u^2)
             sage: lhs == rhs
@@ -292,9 +291,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         Chapter III, or from Baes (2.3)::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
+            sage: x,y = random_eja().random_elements(2)
             sage: Lx = x.operator()
             sage: Ly = y.operator()
             sage: Lxx = (x*x).operator()
@@ -306,10 +303,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         Baes (2.4)::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
-            sage: z = J.random_element()
+            sage: x,y,z = random_eja().random_elements(3)
             sage: Lx = x.operator()
             sage: Ly = y.operator()
             sage: Lz = z.operator()
@@ -323,10 +317,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         Baes (2.5)::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: u = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
-            sage: z = J.random_element()
+            sage: u,y,z = random_eja().random_elements(3)
             sage: Lu = u.operator()
             sage: Ly = y.operator()
             sage: Lz = z.operator()
@@ -388,8 +379,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
             sage: J = random_eja().random_element().subalgebra_generated_by()
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
+            sage: x,y = J.random_elements(2)
             sage: (x*y).det() == x.det()*y.det()
             True
 
@@ -424,8 +414,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         Example 11.11::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: n = ZZ.random_element(1,10)
-            sage: J = JordanSpinEJA(n)
+            sage: J = JordanSpinEJA.random_instance()
             sage: x = J.random_element()
             sage: while not x.is_invertible():
             ....:     x = J.random_element()
@@ -651,8 +640,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         aren't multiples of the identity are regular::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: n = ZZ.random_element(1,10)
-            sage: J = JordanSpinEJA(n)
+            sage: J = JordanSpinEJA.random_instance()
             sage: x = J.random_element()
             sage: x == x.coefficient(0)*J.one() or x.degree() == 2
             True
@@ -709,6 +697,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         SETUP::
 
             sage: from mjo.eja.eja_algebra import (JordanSpinEJA,
+            ....:                                  RealSymmetricEJA,
             ....:                                  random_eja)
 
         TESTS:
@@ -734,10 +723,12 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         The minimal polynomial and the characteristic polynomial coincide
         and are known (see Alizadeh, Example 11.11) for all elements of
         the spin factor algebra that aren't scalar multiples of the
-        identity::
+        identity. We require the dimension of the algebra to be at least
+        two here so that said elements actually exist::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: n = ZZ.random_element(2,10)
+            sage: n_max = max(2, JordanSpinEJA._max_test_case_size())
+            sage: n = ZZ.random_element(2, n_max)
             sage: J = JordanSpinEJA(n)
             sage: y = J.random_element()
             sage: while y == y.coefficient(0)*J.one():
@@ -758,6 +749,21 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
             sage: x.apply_univariate_polynomial(p)
             0
 
+        The minimal polynomial is invariant under a change of basis,
+        and in particular, a re-scaling of the basis::
+
+            sage: set_random_seed()
+            sage: n_max = RealSymmetricEJA._max_test_case_size()
+            sage: n = ZZ.random_element(1, n_max)
+            sage: J1 = RealSymmetricEJA(n,QQ)
+            sage: J2 = RealSymmetricEJA(n,QQ,normalize_basis=False)
+            sage: X = random_matrix(QQ,n)
+            sage: X = X*X.transpose()
+            sage: x1 = J1(X)
+            sage: x2 = J2(X)
+            sage: x1.minimal_polynomial() == x2.minimal_polynomial()
+            True
+
         """
         if self.is_zero():
             # We would generate a zero-dimensional subalgebra
@@ -826,7 +832,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         """
         B = self.parent().natural_basis()
         W = self.parent().natural_basis_space()
-        return W.linear_combination(zip(B,self.to_vector()))
+        return W.linear_combination(izip(B,self.to_vector()))
 
 
     def norm(self):
@@ -869,8 +875,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
             sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
+            sage: x,y = J.random_elements(2)
             sage: x.operator()(y) == x*y
             True
             sage: y.operator()(x) == x*y
@@ -901,10 +906,9 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
         Alizadeh's Example 11.12::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: n = ZZ.random_element(1,10)
-            sage: J = JordanSpinEJA(n)
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
+            sage: x = JordanSpinEJA.random_instance().random_element()
             sage: x_vec = x.to_vector()
+            sage: n = x_vec.degree()
             sage: x0 = x_vec[0]
             sage: x_bar = x_vec[1:]
             sage: A = matrix(QQ, 1, [x_vec.inner_product(x_vec)])
@@ -921,8 +925,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
             sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
+            sage: x,y = J.random_elements(2)
             sage: Lx = x.operator()
             sage: Lxx = (x*x).operator()
             sage: Qx = x.quadratic_representation()
@@ -967,10 +970,10 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
             sage: not x.is_invertible() or (
             ....:   x.quadratic_representation(x.inverse())*Qx
             ....:   ==
-            ....:   2*x.operator()*Qex - Qx )
+            ....:   2*Lx*Qex - Qx )
             True
 
-            sage: 2*x.operator()*Qex - Qx == Lxx
+            sage: 2*Lx*Qex - Qx == Lxx
             True
 
         Property 5:
@@ -1008,7 +1011,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
 
 
 
-    def subalgebra_generated_by(self):
+    def subalgebra_generated_by(self, orthonormalize_basis=False):
         """
         Return the associative subalgebra of the parent EJA generated
         by this element.
@@ -1024,9 +1027,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
             sage: set_random_seed()
             sage: x0 = random_eja().random_element()
             sage: A = x0.subalgebra_generated_by()
-            sage: x = A.random_element()
-            sage: y = A.random_element()
-            sage: z = A.random_element()
+            sage: x,y,z = A.random_elements(3)
             sage: (x*y)*z == x*(y*z)
             True
 
@@ -1049,7 +1050,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
             0
 
         """
-        return FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanElementSubalgebra(self)
+        return FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanElementSubalgebra(self, orthonormalize_basis)
 
 
     def subalgebra_idempotent(self):
@@ -1137,7 +1138,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
             sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: J.random_element().trace() in J.base_ring()
+            sage: J.random_element().trace() in RLF
             True
 
         """
@@ -1161,21 +1162,15 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
 
         TESTS:
 
-        The trace inner product is commutative::
+        The trace inner product is commutative, bilinear, and associative::
 
             sage: set_random_seed()
             sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: x = J.random_element(); y = J.random_element()
+            sage: x,y,z = J.random_elements(3)
+            sage: # commutative
             sage: x.trace_inner_product(y) == y.trace_inner_product(x)
             True
-
-        The trace inner product is bilinear::
-
-            sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
-            sage: z = J.random_element()
+            sage: # bilinear
             sage: a = J.base_ring().random_element();
             sage: actual = (a*(x+z)).trace_inner_product(y)
             sage: expected = ( a*x.trace_inner_product(y) +
@@ -1187,15 +1182,7 @@ class FiniteDimensionalEuclideanJordanAlgebraElement(IndexedFreeModuleElement):
             ....:              a*x.trace_inner_product(z) )
             sage: actual == expected
             True
-
-        The trace inner product satisfies the compatibility
-        condition in the definition of a Euclidean Jordan algebra::
-
-            sage: set_random_seed()
-            sage: J = random_eja()
-            sage: x = J.random_element()
-            sage: y = J.random_element()
-            sage: z = J.random_element()
+            sage: # associative
             sage: (x*y).trace_inner_product(z) == y.trace_inner_product(x*z)
             True